Even though we may not like it, concludes Davies, we must say on the basis of the thermodynamic properties of the universe that the universe’s energy was somehow simply “put in” at the creation as an initial condition.84 Prior to the creation, says Davies, the universe simply did not exist. We therefore have two independent scientific confirmations of the philosophical arguments examined in chapter 6, leading to the conclusion that the temporal series of past, physical events is not beginningless.